(PS6-86) Multi-informant Examination of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome in Association with Sleep Disturbance and Impairment in Early Adolescents

Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS), previously sluggish cognitive tempo, is characterized by symptoms such as excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and hypoactivity (Becker et al., 2023). CDS symptoms are strongly correlated with yet distinct from symptoms of ADHD. Extant research has shown an association between CDS symptoms and multiple domains of sleep functioning, including increased daytime sleepiness (Becker et al., 2016a; Smith et al., 2019), difficulties falling/staying asleep (Fredrick et al., 2022), lower sleep quality (Fredrick et al., 2022), greater eveningness circadian preference (Fredrick et al., 2022; Lunsford-Avery et al., 2021), and overall sleep problems (Burns & Becker, 2021; Mayes et al., 2023; Rondon et al., 2020). However, few studies have examined this association, and most previous research used suboptimal measures of CDS or sleep, or were limited to a single informant (e.g., caregiver-only). Further, despite major changes in sleep and chronotype during adolescence (Crowley et al., 2018), few studies have examined sleep (Becker et al., 2019; Smith et al., 2019) and only one study has examined circadian preference (Fredrick et al., 2022) during this developmental period. This study aimed to extend extant findings by using a multi-informant approach and well-validated measures of CDS symptoms and sleep to examine CDS and ADHD symptoms in relation to sleep disturbance and daytime sleep-related impairment in a large, diverse sample of early adolescents. Adolescents (N=341; aged 10-12; 52% female; 38% persons of color), as well as their caregivers and teachers, completed measures assessing CDS and ADHD symptoms. Adolescents and caregivers also completed PROMIS measures of sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment; adolescents completed a measure of circadian preference. Path analyses examined unique associations of CDS and ADHD dimensions with sleep functioning domains when controlling for adolescent characteristics (i.e., family income, sex, race, medication use). Across models with caregiver-, teacher-, and self-reported CDS and ADHD symptoms, higher CDS symptoms were consistently associated with greater caregiver- and adolescent-reported sleep-related impairment (β = 0.18-0.35, all ps ≤ .02). In addition, both caregiver- and adolescent-reported CDS symptoms were significantly related to caregiver-reported sleep disturbance (β = 0.24 and 0.20, respectively, both ps ≤ .005). Only adolescent-reported CDS symptoms were significantly associated with adolescent-reported sleep disturbance (β = 0.23, p < .001) and greater eveningness circadian preference (β = -0.15, p = .031). ADHD symptom dimensions were less consistently associated with sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment, though self-reported ADHD inattentive symptoms were also uniquely associated with greater eveningness preference (β = -0.24, p = .004). These findings highlight the importance of multiple informants when examining CDS symptoms in relation to sleep and circadian function. In addition, the often-discussed association between ADHD symptoms and sleep difficulties may be at least in part attributable to co-occurring CDS symptoms.