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Addictive Behaviors

(PS1-25) Examining Whether Sleep Quality and Duration Predicts Alcohol and Cannabis Use Motives in Daily Life

Friday, November 15, 2024
8:30 AM – 9:30 AM EST
Location: Franklin Hall, Level 4, Marriott Downtown
Abstract Text: Alcohol and cannabis are the most widely used substances among young adults. Similarly, sleep problems are prominent in this population. Although poor sleep can be an antecedent to substance use, little is known about how prior night poor sleep contributes to next-day decisions to use substances in daily life. Understanding whether poor sleep is associated with next-day substance use motives may shed light on this question and point to motive-specific intervention targets. This study tested the impact of prior night sleep duration and quality on momentary motives for alcohol (Aim 1) and cannabis use (Aim 2). We hypothesized that shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality would be positively associated with coping, enhancement, social, and conformity motives for alcohol use (Aim 1) and with coping motives for cannabis use (Aim 2). All other motives were treated as exploratory. Adults reporting weekly simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis (N=88, n = 6371 observations; 60% female, 85% White, Mage= 25.22) completed 14 days of ecological momentary assessment. Participants completed daily morning reports, random prompts, and event-based reports on their alcohol and cannabis use, motives for use, and sleep (duration and subjective sleep quality). Multilevel models were used to test each aim. Aim 1 models will subset data to alcohol use moments and predict momentary alcohol use motives. Aim 2 models will subset data to cannabis use moments and predict momentary cannabis use motives. As such, the Aim 1 analyzed dataset includes a combination of alcohol-only and co-use days, and the Aim 2 analyzed dataset includes a combination of cannabis-only and co-use days. In all models, other substance use, age, gender, hour after wake, day in the study, and weekday versus weekend were entered as covariates. For Aim 1, at the within-person level, longer prior night sleep duration was associated with greater use of alcohol to cope with depression (b =0.07, SE = 0.03, p =.016), and better prior-night sleep quality was associated with greater enhancement drinking motives (b =0.15, SE = 0.07, p=.044). Between persons, those reporting longer sleep duration reported lower social (b = -0.24, SE =0.08, p=.006) and enhancement (b =-0.16, SE = 0.07, p =.036) motives for alcohol use than those reporting shorter sleep duration. In addition, those reporting better sleep quality reported greater enhancement (b =0.51, SE = 0.20, p = .011) and lower conformity (b = -0.48, SE = 0.20 p = 0.019) motives for alcohol use than those reporting worse sleep quality. For aim 2, at the within-person level, longer prior night sleep duration was associated with lower enhancement motives for cannabis use (b =-0.04, SE = 0.02, p = 0.038). No other within- or between-person associations were statistically significant. Prior night sleep quality and duration are linked to next-day motives for substance use. Results suggest that enhancement motives for both alcohol and cannabis use may be particularly susceptible to variations in sleep duration and quality. Data support the idea that treatment for sleep disturbance could influence substance use motives, perhaps thereby reducing subsequent use and related consequences.